💵 Paycheck Calculator
Estimate your take-home pay after federal taxes, Social Security, Medicare, and deductions.
How Your Paycheck Is Actually Calculated
Your gross pay is your total earnings before any deductions. From that, your employer automatically withholds several amounts before you see a single dollar:
- Federal income tax — Withheld based on your W-4 filing status and allowances. Uses a progressive bracket system (10%–37%).
- Social Security — 6.2% on wages up to $168,600 (2024 wage base). Employers match this 6.2% separately.
- Medicare — 1.45% on all wages with no cap. An extra 0.9% applies if you earn over $200,000 as a single filer.
- State income tax — Varies by state: 0% in TX, FL, NV, WA, SD, WY, and AK; up to 13.3% in California.
- Pre-tax deductions — 401(k), HSA, and health insurance premiums are deducted before taxes, reducing your taxable income.
Your net pay (take-home pay) is what remains after all the above deductions are removed. The gap between gross and net pay is typically 20–35% for most workers.
2024 Federal Tax Brackets (Single)
| Taxable Income | Tax Rate |
|---|---|
| $0 – $11,600 | 10% |
| $11,601 – $47,150 | 12% |
| $47,151 – $100,525 | 22% |
| $100,526 – $191,950 | 24% |
| $191,951 – $243,725 | 32% |
| $243,726 – $609,350 | 35% |
| Over $609,350 | 37% |
FICA Taxes: Social Security: 6.2% (up to $168,600 wages), Medicare: 1.45% (no limit).
Frequently Asked Questions
How is take-home pay calculated?
Take-home = Gross Pay minus federal income tax, state income tax, Social Security (6.2%), Medicare (1.45%), and pre-tax deductions like 401(k) or health insurance.
What percentage of my paycheck goes to taxes?
Most workers pay 22–32% total. This includes federal income tax (~12–22%), FICA (7.65%), and state income tax (0–13% depending on state).
What is the difference between gross and net pay?
Gross pay is total earnings before deductions. Net pay (take-home) is what you actually receive after all taxes and deductions are removed.
How do I increase my take-home pay?
Maximize pre-tax contributions (401k, HSA, FSA), claim all W-4 deductions, and consider that states like TX, FL, NV, and WA have no state income tax.
5 Ways to Keep More of Your Paycheck
- Max out your 401(k) contributions — The 2024 limit is $23,000 ($30,500 if 50+). Every dollar you contribute reduces your taxable income dollar-for-dollar.
- Open a Health Savings Account (HSA) — If you have a high-deductible health plan, contributions are triple-tax-advantaged: pre-tax in, tax-free growth, tax-free withdrawals for medical expenses.
- Update your W-4 accurately — Claiming fewer allowances leads to over-withholding. Use the IRS Tax Withholding Estimator to optimize your W-4 so you're not giving the government an interest-free loan.
- Contribute to a Dependent Care FSA — If you pay for childcare or elder care, you can shield up to $5,000 per year in pre-tax dollars.
- Consider relocating to a no-income-tax state — Workers in TX, FL, NV, WA, SD, WY, or AK save an additional 3–10% compared to high-tax states like CA or NY.